Determinants Of Life Expectancy Among Males In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examines factors influencing male life expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa, offering a comprehensive analysis of 17 studies conducted over the past decade. Economic indicators, including GDP per capita, income inequality, and government health expenditure, consistently emerge as crucial determinants shaping male life expectancy. Socio-economic factors such as literacy rates, education, and access to safe water also significantly impact life expectancy outcomes, revealing a complex interplay between financial well-being and health. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were systematically searched and included in the study, and reported based on the PRISMA 2020 guideline. The quality of included studies was critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tool. Three independent reviewers screened and selected the studies included in the review. A search was conducted in five electronic databases – PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and AJOL. Out of the 17 studies, 9 (52.9%) investigated the socio-economic, 10 (58.8%) explored healthcare access and expenditure, while 12 (70.6%) highlighted on environmental and globalization influences in shaping male life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. All 17 articles collectively demonstrate the complex collaboration of economic, environmental, and global factors in shaping male life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa, emphasizing the need for holistic and region-specific policy approaches. The study highlights the importance of tailored interventions considering the specific contexts within Sub-Saharan Africa. It advocates for holistic and region-specific policy approaches, recognizing the intricate collaboration of economic, social, and environmental factors in shaping male life expectancy. The findings contribute essential insights for policymakers, urging comprehensive strategies to address the region's diverse nature of male health outcomes. Ultimately, the research underscores the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the factors influencing male life expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa.