Grammatical philosophy in classifying functional parts in the structures and compositions of the arabic language

This research addresses the topic of (grammatical philosophy in classifying the functional parts in the structures and structures of the Arabic language), which is a linguistic, grammatical, and philosophical topic. It is based on what came from grammatical-philosophical studies on the functional characteristics of independent and non-independent linguistic parts, which are called tools or signs in The structures and structures of the Arabic language, and what is known as grammatical and syntactic signs and their letters in the words and structures of the Arabic language. What is known as the grammatical and syntactic signs and their letters in the words and structures of the Arabic language. One of the objectives of the research is to clarify the philosophical concept of functional parts in the Arabic language, analyze the various philosophical classifications of functional parts between tools and signs, and highlight the philosophical aspects affecting this classification. Which helps to know the worker and non-worker, and to know whether he is the worker or the effect of the worker. Explaining the types of signs in the Arabic language, in terms of their division into grammatical signs (parsing and syntactic signs), morphological signs (numerical, gender, and temporal), and verbal derivational signs (subjective, object, exaggeration, superlative, and simile). I followed the descriptive and analytical approach in dealing with the individuals of the phenomenon under study, and the comparative approach in comparing the doctrines of the Basra and Kufan grammarians regarding its essence. The study was divided into two sections, the first on the grammatical-philosophical concept of the essence of the sign, and the second on the grammatical-philosophical concept of the end of the tool. Then came the conclusion in the results of the study, which showed the role of grammatical philosophy and its differences in clarifying the nature of the functional parts, in the specialty of each of the tools and signs with meanings that distinguish them from others, and the participation of tools and signs in meanings that are granted by the unity of description (the scientific term), and the way out of this classification distinction. By applying the term (letters) to both types.