THE INTERNATIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT (ISM) CODE IN MERCHANT SHIPPING: STRUCTURE, IMPLEMENTATION, AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

The International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) is a fundamental instrument in international maritime law, introduced to ensure the safe operation of ships and prevent pollution of the marine environment. This article examines its legal and organizational structure, the process of implementation in civil shipping, the role of the safety management system (Safety Management System – SMS), as well as the relationship between the Code and international instruments such as SOLAS, MARPOL, and STCW. The analysis focuses on the practical and legal challenges in its implementation, as well as its effect on maritime safety and the responsibility of management organizations. In conclusion, an assessment of the effectiveness of the Code and possible directions for its improvement are proposed.