Homogenizing Self‐Assembled Monolayers via Covalent Organic Frameworks for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as promising hole transport layers (HTLs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their unique capability to modulate energy level alignment and interfacial quality. However, the widely used SAM molecule [4‐(3,6‐dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (MeO‐4PACz) suffers from molecular aggregation, poor wettability with perovskite precursors, and limited electrical conductivity, which together hinder the formation of high‐quality perovskite films and efficient charge extraction. Herein, we propose a rational SAM homogenization strategy by introducing two tailor‐designed covalent organic frameworks (COFs)—PT‐COF and Zn‐PT‐COF—into MeO‐4PACz SAMs via co‐assembly. These COFs are designed with rigid porphyrin cores to enhance charge transport and flexible hydrophilic side chains to improve substrate wettability. The incorporation of COFs effectively disrupts MeO‐4PACz aggregation through π‐π interaction and hydrogen bonding, resulting in uniform, conductive, and well‐anchored SAMs. Consequently, the modified SAMs promote perovskite crystallization, reduce buried interface defects, and improve charge extraction. Devices employing Zn‐PT‐COF‐modified SAMs exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.39% (certified as 26.12%) with negligible hysteresis and outstanding operational stability, retaining 95% of initial efficiency after 1000 h continuous operation. This study offers a comprehensive molecular‐level strategy to overcome intrinsic limitations of MeO‐4PACz, providing a pathway for highly efficient and stable PSCs.

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Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie
Published
2025-11-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202519875
Primary Topic
Perovskite Materials and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Homogenizing Self‐Assembled Monolayers via Covalent Organic Frameworks for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie
Perovskite Materials and Applications
article

Homogenizing Self‐Assembled Monolayers via Covalent Organic Frameworks for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

article en

Abstract

Abstract Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as promising hole transport layers (HTLs) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their unique capability to modulate energy level alignment and interfacial quality. However, the widely used SAM molecule [4‐(3,6‐dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (MeO‐4PACz) suffers from molecular aggregation, poor wettability with perovskite precursors, and limited electrical conductivity, which together hinder the formation of high‐quality perovskite films and efficient charge extraction. Herein, we propose a rational SAM homogenization strategy by introducing two tailor‐designed covalent organic frameworks (COFs)—PT‐COF and Zn‐PT‐COF—into MeO‐4PACz SAMs via co‐assembly. These COFs are designed with rigid porphyrin cores to enhance charge transport and flexible hydrophilic side chains to improve substrate wettability. The incorporation of COFs effectively disrupts MeO‐4PACz aggregation through π‐π interaction and hydrogen bonding, resulting in uniform, conductive, and well‐anchored SAMs. Consequently, the modified SAMs promote perovskite crystallization, reduce buried interface defects, and improve charge extraction. Devices employing Zn‐PT‐COF‐modified SAMs exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.39% (certified as 26.12%) with negligible hysteresis and outstanding operational stability, retaining 95% of initial efficiency after 1000 h continuous operation. This study offers a comprehensive molecular‐level strategy to overcome intrinsic limitations of MeO‐4PACz, providing a pathway for highly efficient and stable PSCs.

Angewandte ChemieVol. 138(1)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (CN), Institute of Chemistry (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 48%
Perovskite Materials and Applications
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