We Cannot Work Together Except We Agree': Inter-Agency Collaboration Between NSCDC and Private Security Organisations in Lagos and Oyo States

This study investigates the benefits of interagency cooperation between the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) and Private Security Organisations (PSOs) in addressing Nigeria’s complicated security challenges. The research aims to evaluate the benefits of such cooperation, explore institutional arrangements necessary for collaboration, and identify challenges hindering these partnerships. This study bridges a significant research gap by applying the Collaborative Theory and Rational Choice Theory to the Nigerian security landscape, offering a novel perspective on enhancing interagency collaboration. The study employed an exploratory research design, focusing on in-depth interviews with 45 purposively selected participants, including NSCDC personnel and representatives from six private security organisations in Lagos and Ibadan. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed through content analysis, enabling a comprehensive exploration of participants' experiences and perspectives. Key findings reveal that interagency cooperation enhances intelligence sharing, resource pooling, and specialization, which are critical for effective crime prevention. However, systemic barriers such as resource constraints, regulatory gaps, trust deficits, and cultural differences significantly impede collaboration. The study concludes that fostering effective partnerships requires well-structured institutional arrangements, including role clarity, joint training programs, and standardized frameworks. To address these challenges, the study recommends prioritizing trust-building initiatives, enhancing resource-sharing mechanisms, and developing inclusive policies that involve private security organisations in decision-making processes. By aligning incentives and creating a foundation of trust and mutual respect, both entities can contribute meaningfully to Nigeria’s security architecture. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing actionable insights into interagency collaboration in developing countries. It underscores the importance of leveraging complementary strengths and aligning organisational incentives to create a cohesive and resilient security framework.