A Comprehensive Review of Geospatial Environmental Degradation Index (EDI) Indicators and Their Integration into Sustainable Road Engineering Design and Maintenance Practices

This is the second published version of the same paper, updated following an expert peer review process. The manuscript has been thoroughly revised to enhance its methodological rigor, improve data interpretation, and strengthen the overall scholarly quality. It incorporates detailed feedback from field experts and reflects refined analyses, clearer visualizations, and more robust policy implications. This version retains the same DOI as the original publication to ensure citation continuity and version tracking within Zenodo’s repository framework.