Integrated risk response decision-making frameworks for EPC+PPP projects: a consideration of the dual status of the private sector

Purpose EPC+PPP projects are gaining prominence across diverse industries; however, challenges arise from intricate stakeholder relationships and the dual role of the private sector as Party A and Party B, potentially compromising project success. The research’s objective is to mitigate project risks by elucidating intricate stakeholder interactions and the private sector’s dual influence, thereby enhancing decision-making processes in complex EPC+PPP environments. Design/methodology/approach An integrated approach is proposed. First, it proposes an evaluation system for assessing the implementation difficulty of projects under EPC+PPP. This system incorporates a balance coefficient for public-economic interests, reflecting the impact of the dual status of the private sector, which is determined using the stratified full consistency method (SFUCOM) and triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). Second, a two-layer network is established to depict stakeholder relationships and associated risks, thus providing a comprehensive view of the risk landscape. Subsequently, risk prioritization is executed using DSM to identify critical risk areas. Finally, an optimization model is developed to maximize the decision-maker’s utility to facilitate effective risk response decisions. Findings The findings underscore the system’s effectiveness in assessing project implementation difficulties and prioritizing risks, demonstrating the pivotal role of economic interests in shaping risk response strategies. Originality/value The study’s originality is evident in its integrated approach to risk assessment and decision optimization in EPC+PPP projects, providing a novel framework that bridges the gap between theoretical models and practical project management.