A Comparative Review on the Biological Benefits of Exercise in Humans and Animals

Regular physical exercise is associated with significant health benefits in both humans and animal models. Understanding the comparative effects of exercise across species can enhance insights into exercise physiology and its applications. This study synthesizes research on the physiological and psychological impacts of exercise in humans and various animal models, focusing on cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological outcomes. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus, yielding 150 studies published from 2000 to 2023. Studies were included if they reported empirical data on exercise interventions in humans and at least one animal model (e.g., rodents, dogs, or primates). Key outcome measures included changes in cardiovascular fitness (measured by VO2 max), body composition (percentage body fat), and psychological outcomes (assessed through anxiety and depression scales). The analysis revealed shared and species-specific adaptations. Humans exhibited an average increase in VO2 max of 15% following 12 weeks of aerobic training. Rodents showed a 20% reduction in body fat after 8 weeks of treadmill running. Canines demonstrated a 30% decrease in behavioral signs of anxiety after regular exercise. Resistance training resulted in a 10% strength gain in humans but no significant effect in rodents. The findings highlight the multifaceted benefits of exercise and underscore the need for species-specific approaches to exercise prescription.