Osteopathic manipulative therapy in treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized controlled study

Abstract Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder, which happens when gastric material flows back up into the esophagus, caused by a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter, resulting in heartburn. Conventional therapies, such as proton pump inhibitors and surgery, often provide limited relief. This study explores the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) as a complementary approach for GERD patients, focusing on symptoms improvement and changes in medication use. Materials and Methods: This multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in Italy between 2022 and 2024. A total of 89 participants aged 18 to 75 years, diagnosed GERD symptoms based on specific inclusion criteria, were enrolled. The study group received a semi-standardized OMT, in which the treatment of individual somatic dysfunctions found during the evaluation was combined with a technique for the cardia. The control group received two hand positioning techniques, without exert any traction or push, and a thoracic mobilization technique. The study used an Italian version of the “GERD Health-related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) Questionnaire”, administered at baseline, post-treatment, and three months after the final session. Results: In the short term, patients receiving OMT experienced significant symptom relief and reduced medication intake, with thesebenefitspersisting at follow-up. Although improvements werealso observed in thecontrol group, the benefits associated with OMT were significantly greater and sustained over time. Conclusions: OMT could be a valuable complementary therapeutic tool to conventional therapy in patients with GERD, leading to a positive impact on health status and patient satisfaction and on public health by reducing the use of GERD medications.