Beyond Green Capitalism

Can an alternative working-class counter-hegemonic movement be built, to become a viable pole of attraction in South African politics? This paper assesses the limits of the statist 20th century Marxist-Leninism that persists in South Africa, and the alternative, society-focused, democratic Marxist perspective that informed the social movement unionism of the 1970s and 1980s, before looking at the various social-ecological alternatives that have emerged in the 21st century.