THEORY OF THE CYCLIC SELF-REGENERATING ACTIVE VACUUM

SELF-REGENERATIVE CYCLIC ACTIVE VACUUM THEORY Abstract This document presents the theoretical formulation of the Self-Regenerative Cyclic Active Vacuum Theory, an alternative cosmological proposal designed to address the observational limitations and tensions of the standard cosmological model. The theory postulates the existence of an active vacuum that is not a static constant, but a dynamic and fundamental entity governing the evolution of the universe through temporal cycles. The work establishes the mathematical and physical fundamentals, as well as the empirical validation criteria for the model. The main contribution is the integration of the vacuum with field dynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics to create a closed, self-regenerative cosmological system. Key Points and Methodological Content Field Fundamentals: A time-dependent field parameter and a potential associated with this field are introduced, which modulate the vacuum's evolution. The non-equilibrium state of the vacuum is described by quantifying its stimulation, asymmetry, and coupling. Cosmological Dynamics: The work reformulates the metric evolution of the universe using modified Friedmann Equations to include the contribution of the active vacuum. The total energy conservation and the dynamics of the Second Law of Thermodynamics are analyzed within the system. Cycles and Transitions: The model redefines the Big Bang as a "vacuum transition" with a 'white hole'-type exit, a large-scale event that allows the cycle to restart. Energy dissipation and the existence of entropic sinks (black holes) are crucial for channeling energy towards the large-scale restart, ensuring the cyclic nature of the universe. Validation Criteria: The document establishes a rigorous methodology for practical validation, including enhanced null tests that require the exact recovery of the standard cosmological model in certain limits, and consistency criteria for contrast with current astronomical observations.