OBESITY AND THE HUMAN GUT MICROBIOME: MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS

Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors, often worsening over time. Recent research highlights the critical role of the gut microbiome in modulating obesity and its associated complications. A balanced gut flora, supported by a healthy lifestyle and adequate nutrition, can directly influence the management of obesity symptoms. Specific probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, contribute to reducing obesity by improving digestion, regulating appetite, controlling chronic inflammation, and maintaining circadian rhythm. This review examines the interplay between gut microbiota and obesity, emphasizing how microbial populations and their metabolic byproducts, including short-chain fatty acids, affect energy absorption, fat regulation, and overall metabolic health. Understanding this relationship provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome to prevent or mitigate obesity.