Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Metal Complex Dye Derived from 2-Aminothiadiazole

This study focused on synthesizing and characterizing metal complex azo dyes derived from 2-aminothiadiazole, with the goal of exploring their effectiveness against clinically relevant microorganisms. This project titled the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activities of azo metal complex dyes derived from 2-aminothiadiazole aimed to synthesize a thiadiazole intermediate and subsequent azo metal complex dyes, characterize them using various techniques, and evaluate their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger clinical isolates. The synthesis involved sequential steps of 2-aminothiadiazole preparation, diazotization, coupling, and metallization. Purification was achieved through recrystallization, and the resulting dyes were characterized using melting point determination, UV-visible, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The efficiency of the synthesis process was assessed through percentage yield. Antimicrobial screening was conducted using agar well diffusion to check the zone of inhibition, with further determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC). The results shows that the tested microorganism, Staphylococcus aureus, shows the highest zone of inhibition is 29 while the lowest zone of inhibition for D2 is 14, when compared to the tested organism Candida albicans, in contrast to standard drugs such as ciprofloxacin for bacteria and fluconazole for fungi. MD1 and MD2 exhibit the lowest MIC of 12.5 against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, for D1, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans display a minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) effective in killing the organisms. In conclusion, metal complex dyes derived from 2-aminothiadiazole exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against a range of microorganisms, suggesting promising therapeutic applications.