Challenges and Strategies in Public Health Promotion: A Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Approach and the Impact of Health Policies on the Quality of Life of Vulnerable Populations

Public health promotion faces complex challenges, particularly amid growing social inequalities and the diverse needs of vulnerable populations. Addressing these issues requires not only robust public policies but also integrated strategies involving multiple areas of knowledge and professionals from different backgrounds. This academic essay, based on a critical literature review of national and international sources from 2018 to 2024, analyzes the role of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches in public health promotion and assesses the impact of health policies on the quality of life of vulnerable groups. The discussion highlights the importance of coordinated actions, intersectoral articulation, community participation, and continuous evaluation to enhance the effectiveness and equity of health services. It concludes by reinforcing the relevance of empowering professional teams and promoting inclusive, participatory policies to reduce inequalities and improve collective well-being.