Superconductor Origin of Earth's Magnetic Field

Earth's magnetic field shields life from harmful cosmic rays, but its origin remains poorly understood. The dynamo theory is commonly used to explain this origin, but it falls short in accounting for the magnetic fields of other planets, especially those with cooled cores. In light of new understandings of superconductivity, this study proposes an alternative hypothesis to provide a general mechanism for the origin of planetary magnetic fields. The "unified theory of low and high-temperature superconductivity" predicts that superconductors are an ordinary state of matter and are common at high pressures. Deep within the Earth, where pressure is immense, superconducting materials likely exist beneath the mantle. Driven by Earth's rotation, superconductors in the outer core accumulate toward the equator, eventually assembling into a belt looping around the core under the equator. This belt creates a resistance-free path for currents. Earth's magnetic field might be induced by a Meissner-like effect in the Sun's magnetic field. The currents around this loop generate a magnetic field resembling a magnetic dipole. Without electrical resistance in the superconductor belt, the currents circulate indefinitely, maintaining a stable magnetic field. Convection currents in the outer core may disturb this loop, causing polar wandering, occasionally breaking its continuity, and leading to disruptions in Earth's magnetic field. When the superconductor belt reassembles into a new loop later, the polarity of a new magnetic field may be recuperated in a different direction depending on whether the north or south pole tilts towards the Sun at different seasons, leading to a magnetic reversal. Superconductors may also be responsible for the magnetic fields of other planets. As planets cooled, superconductors became trapped within them. Some might have survived various celestial events throughout their histories, despite significant changes in their axis and orbits. This could explain the large angle and offset between the magnetic dipole and rotation axis observed in both Uranus and Neptune.