Building a Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Green Hybrid Cloud Using Digital Twin

ABSTRACT The exponential growth of cloud computing has reshaped global information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures. However, the energy demands of cloud services and associated carbon emissions pose significant challenges to sustainability. Hybrid cloud models, which integrate private and public resources, provide flexibility but introduce orchestration, reliability, and efficiency complexities. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for designing and deploying a Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Green Hybrid Cloud using Digital Twin (DT). The methodology integrates carbon-conscious provider selection, Green Resource Broker Management Systems (GRBMS), fault tolerance modeling, load balancing, and scheduling via SYL’s Algorithm. Additionally, it presents energy measures like the Clean Energy Index (CEI) and Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), which are assessed using DTMC (Discrete-Time Markovian Chain) modeling and the GreenCloud Simulator. Experimental simulations on Indian cloud infrastructure patterns show that software optimization can reduce emissions by 41.63%, with hardware optimization yielding an additional 58.37%. Comparative results across ordinary cloud, green cloud, hybrid cloud, and green hybrid cloud deployments highlight the superior efficiency of Digital Twin–enabled orchestration. The findings suggest that integrating DT models with hybrid cloud architectures can significantly enhance sustainability while maintaining service reliability and performance.