In Vitro Fertilization and Hearing Impairment in Twins: A Comprehensive Analysis of Perinatal Factors

Objective: This study investigated the potential correlation between in vitro fertilization (IVF) and hearing impairment in twins compared to naturally conceived twins. Methods: We analyzed data from 2,416 twin infants born between 2019 and 2021, including pregnancy conditions and complications of mothers, the birth conditions of newborns, perinatal diseases, initial hearing screening results, and subsequent follow-up conditions. Results: Our findings reveal that the incidence of hearing impairment in IVF-conceived twins is comparable to that in naturally conceived twins. Significant differences in low birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperbilirubinemia were observed between infants who passed and those referred for hearing screening (p < 0.05). The IVF group exhibited a lower incidence of low birth weight (p < 0.05) and older maternal age (p < 0.05) and had higher rates of placental abnormalities and placental abruption (p < 0.05). Notably, these distinctions did not translate into a significant impact on hearing impairment. Regardless of the method of conception, the following key factors contributing to hearing impairment in twins were identified: low birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusions: IVF technology does not exert specific effects on hearing impairment in twins; perinatal complications are the primary influencing factors.