The Cause of Brownian Motion

For the past 200 years, the Brownian motion of small particles has been observed and studied due to its significance in understanding physics at the microscopic scale. Albert Einstein statistically modeled the behavior of these particles, but the mechanism driving Brownian motion has remained unclear. It was previously suggested that molecules push the particles in Brownian motion. However, this study demonstrates that the random movement of molecules cannot provide sufficient momentum to drive Brownian motion. Instead, we propose that Brownian motion is driven by transimpact—an interaction between atoms and a side effect of atomic electron transitions. When energy is absorbed, an electron is excited to a higher orbital, increasing the volume of the atom and reducing the distance to adjacent particles. This disrupts the existing spatial arrangement between atoms and alters the balance of attractive and repulsive forces. The transition induces a repulsive force between particles, with an explosive impact that pushes the particles apart. Transimpact may indeed be the fundamental interaction behind many physical processes and phenomena, such as particle motion, phase transitions, and the rotation of Crookes radiometers. Additionally, transimpact facilitates the exchange of internal energy between a system's potential and kinetic energy, as well as among different components, thereby maintaining equilibrium.