From nature to structure: advancing building efficiency with biomimicry-inspired green façades

Purpose This paper introduces a new type of biomimicry green façade system that integrates live cyanobacteria into a digitally generated architectural surface. The aim is to improve building envelope performance by combining natural biological processes with computational design. Design/methodology/approach The study follows a three-phase methodology. Phase 1 establishes a generative design process, using Rhino and Grasshopper to create Voronoi-based geometries inspired by natural morphogenesis. A genetic algorithm filters variants based on solar gain, daylight autonomy and fabrication suitability. Phase 2 involves environmental simulation and optimisation using Ladybug and Galapagos, refining the design through solar, daylight and thermal performance metrics. Phase 3 embeds selected cyanobacteria strains into a bio-gel medium tested under controlled lab conditions to assess viability, photosynthetic response and integration feasibility. Findings Simulation results demonstrate that the prototype significantly reduces peak solar gain (SHGC <0.25), improves daylight autonomy (>50% above 300 lux) and enhances passive cooling through porous geometry. The embedded cyanobacteria show stable photosynthetic activity, enabling CO2 absorption and O2 release under appropriate light and hydration. Material testing confirms the feasibility of modular construction using recyclable substrates and hydrophobic coatings, while lab-scale trials show metabolic activity consistent with early-stage air purification potential. Comparative analysis shows the system's superiority in integrating biological and environmental performance in one responsive façade. Originality/value This is the first façade prototype to integrate generative geometry, parametric environmental optimisation and living cyanobacteria within a functional, digitally fabricated system. Unlike existing biomimetic or algae façades, this design supports real-time metabolic interaction, enabling CO2/O2 exchange and adaptive performance. It establishes a new model for biologically active, performance-driven façades that contribute to environmental and urban resilience.