Monopole Closed Surface Model of Gas Pressure (Cosmic Extension of the Monopole Closed Surface Model)

This extended paper expands the Monopole Closed Surface Model to explain not only gas pressure but also the formation of cosmic space itself.In this framework, each electron closed surface behaves as a monopolar magnetic field.When the radius of this surface is constant, matter maintains structural stability.In gases, the radius equilibrium is disturbed by molecular interactions, and the resulting monopole surfaces repel each other, creating macroscopic pressure.On a cosmic scale, the same principle applies: space is generated at the equilibrium points of mutual monopole expansion among interstellar and intergalactic gas molecules.Thus, the structure of the universe emerges naturally from the geometric balance of monopole repulsion, linking atomic pressure, cosmic voids, and spatial continuity within a unified closed-surface framework.