Radioanatomical Study of the Rose-Ringed Parakeet (Psittacula Krameri) Head Based on the Findings of Computed Tomography Scanning

Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most practical and accurate diagnostic imaging methods for evaluating the bird’s head. This study aimed to present the normal anatomical data of Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) head using the CT imaging. In this research, the features of this bird's head were investigated in terms of bones, joints, muscles, sinuses, and other constituent tissues. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on of six adult Rose-ringed parakeet carcasses (3 males and 3 females), aged 1–5 years and weighted between 115–125 g. Following preparing the CT images, the heads underwent gross anatomical studies. Based on the results, reconstructed CT images allowed clear identification of most structures, including the parietal, mandible, occiput, maxillary, preimaxillary, palatine, pterygoid, quadrate, and temporal bones, epithelial membranes, external ear canal and bony labyrinth, ossicles, entoglossal bones, different parts of the infraorbital sinus, brain hemispheres, and various parts of the eyeball and nasal conchae. The results related to the CT evaluation and anatomical examination of the Rose-ringed parakeet’s head demonstrated a high correlation. The results of this research provide a valuable reference and can be employ for identifying anatomical features, examining different species of the parakeets, teaching veterinary anatomy, interpreting CT images, and supporting clinical examinations and treatment in this type of parrots.