Effects of Organic Fertilizers at Different Doses on the Growth Parameters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effects of different organic liquid fertilizers and their combinations with chemical fertilizers on the development of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in pots, where five different organic formulations (B, D, E, F, T) were applied at four dosage levels (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%). Combinations involving 3% doses of these formulations with NPK fertilizer were also evaluated. Plant height (cm) and dry biomass (g/plant) were considered the primary metrics, and the applications were compared with both a negative control (no fertilizer) and a positive control (NPK-only). The results showed that the effect of organic liquid fertilizers on wheat development varied depending on the composition and dose. Especially the formulations based on hazelnut vinegar (F) and poultry manure vinegar (T) applied at 1% and 3% concentrations, as well as their combinations with NPK, produced the most favorable results in terms of plant development and biomass production. In contrast, the B and D formulations at 5% and 10% concentrations had phytotoxic effects that negatively impacted plant growth. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the fertilizer types in terms of plant height and dry matter values (p<0.05). Notably, the D fertilizer resulted in significantly lower growth values, while the T and F fertilizers yielded statistically superior outcomes. The findings indicate that the effects of organic fertilizers are strongly influenced by both their composition and application rate. Identifying the optimal dosage is crucial for maximizing yield while minimizing the risk of phytotoxicity.