SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF GGBS, SILICA FUME, AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS ON THE THERMAL RESISTANCE CONCRETE

Concrete is essential for modern infrastructure, but its performance under fire remains a weakness, particularly for high-strength mixes. Dense structures suffer from cracking, spalling, and rapid strength loss at elevated temperatures. To address this, mineral admixtures and fibers are increasingly adopted. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Silica Fume (SF) improve durability, pore structure, and mechanical strength, while Polypropylene (PP) fibers contribute thermal resistance by melting around 160–170 °C to relieve vapor pressure. This review evaluates ten studies on these materials in different combinations. The findings confirm that GGBS and SF enhance long-term strength, PP fibers reduce thermal failure, and their combined use produces a durable, sustainable, and fire-resistant concrete suitable for critical infrastructure applications.