A multidisciplinary systematic review of Gaia: From mythical Earth Goddess to a scientific concept

Gaia has undergone a stunning evolution over millennia from a primordial Greek Goddess representing the Earth, to a more scientific hypothesis suggesting that the planet operates as a self-regulating organism, has sparked the imagination of generations. This study aims to shed light on the historical pathway of Gaia through a systematic review capturing its progress from a myth to a scientific theory, being portrayed in different types of literature throughout history, in addition to studying how the notion of Gaia has impacted human views of the Earth and their role in it. This review assists an exploration study, drawing on cross-disciplines, covering mythology, science, literature, and arts, to acquire a better understanding of the cultural and academic relevance of Gaia from a broad range of literature sources. Building on this understanding, the outcome of this study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of Gaia, thereby enriching its academic significance in contemporary scientific, artistic, mythical, and cultural discourse.