A Narrative Review of the Biological Activities of Anredera cordifolia (Ten). Steenis for Its Potential as a Natural Feed Additive for Livestock: Bridging Phytochemical Profile and in silico, in vitro, and in vivo Studies

Ken Ratu Gharizah Alhuur,1,2,* Diky Ramdani,2,* Indah Suasani Wahyuni,3,* Yaya Rukayadi,4,* Jutti Levita5,* 1Doctoral Program in Livestock Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Livestock Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia; 4Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; 5Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Indah Suasani Wahyuni, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia, Email [email protected]: Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are commonly used as feed additives to enhance livestock productivity; however, their side effects, such as antimicrobial resistance in both animal and human bacterial pathogens, have arisen, thus leading to the discovery of safer alternatives. Plants added to the basal diet have been explored for their effectiveness in animal nutrition and health, particularly to replace AGPs. Anredera cordifolia (Ten). Steenis, which contains numerous secondary metabolites, is believed to contribute significantly to its biological activities. This review aims to identify the potential of A. cordifolia to be utilized as a natural feed additive for livestock and poultry, through exploration of its in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies, as well as its application as a feed additive in various animal species. The Scopus and PubMed databases were used to initially search for articles published between 2015 and 2025, written in English. The resulting articles were further screened for their eligibility. The main biological properties of this plant studied in rodents were wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial, which, related to its application to goats, poultry, rabbits, and guinea pigs, confirmed antiprotozoal and anthelmintic properties, a reduction of methane production, and a decrease of cholesterol in egg yolk. The plant extract has no acute toxic effects or mortality in guinea pigs. Secondary metabolites contained in the leaves, such as flavonoids, have shown antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, while tannins can reduce methane and ammonia production in ruminants. Therefore, A. cordifolia leaves have the potential to be used as a feed additive, replacing AGP, to increase livestock productivity, with more benefits and fewer side effects.Keywords: Anredera cordifolia, animal nutrition, antibiotic growth promoters, flavonoids, tannins