Fallopian tube cavernous haemangioma found during the caesarean section of a woman with a history of endometriosis: a case report and literature review

This case report describes the management of fallopian tube cavernous haemangioma discovered at caesarean section, and provides insight to the literature on this extremely rare benign vascular tumor with regard to clinical recognition and management. A 39-year-old nulliparous woman with a history of endometriosis and adenomyosis underwent caesarean section at 42 weeks of gestation following in vitro fertilization conception. Intraoperatively, a brown-colored nodule measuring 1 × 1 cm was identified at the fimbrial end of the left fallopian tube. The lesion was excised and sent for histopathological examination. Microscopic analysis revealed dilated thin-walled vessels lined by flattened endothelial cells with focal fibrin thrombi, confirming the diagnosis of fallopian tube cavernous haemangioma. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout pregnancy and recovered well postoperatively. Fallopian tube haemangiomas are extremely rare benign vascular tumours. These lesions are typically asymptomatic and can be discovered incidentally during surgical procedures. Accurate intraoperative recognition is crucial, as misdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary extensive surgery with potential fertility implications, while failure to recognize malignancy could be life-threatening. To the authors' knowledge this represents the first reported case of fallopian tube cavernous haemangioma identified during pregnancy, highlighting the importance of careful histopathological evaluation of incidental adnexal findings.