Thermosensitive chitosan/collagen hydrogel with antibacterial zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles from aqueous fingerroot ( (L.) Mansf.) extract for alveolar bone applications

This research conducted an experimental study on the development of thermosensitive chitosan/collagen hydrogels with antibacterial properties intended for application in alveolar bone grafting in dentistry. The hydrogels were synthesized using chitosan and collagen, crosslinked with beta-glycerophosphate to induce gelation at human body temperature (approximately 37°C). Nanocomposite particles were incorporated to enhance the antibacterial efficacy and responsiveness to temperature changes. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from a solution of silver nitrate and yellow finger root extract, yielding particles suitable for inhibiting bacterial growth. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were also integrated into the hydrogels at varying concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% w/v) to investigate their impact on antibacterial activity, rheological behavior, morphological structure, and mechanical properties. The synthesized AgNPs showed an absorption peak at 400-420 nm and spherical morphology (20-40 nm size). Incorporating ZnONPs shortened gelation time and enhanced mechanical properties. The hydrogel with 0.1% ZnONPs exhibited optimal characteristics including structural integrity, water absorption, and antibacterial activity. Thermal analysis revealed improved stability with ZnONPs addition. The thermosensitive chitosan-collagen hydrogel with 0.1% ZnONPs and AgNPs demonstrated effective antibacterial properties and favorable characteristics for potential use in alveolar bone grafting applications. This innovation holds promise for advancing the materials used in synthetic alveolar bone grafting procedures.