Harmonization of International Trade Contract Law between Indonesia and BRICS Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Indonesia, China, and Russia

This study conducts a comparative legal analysis of international trade contracts between Indonesia and two key BRICS members, China and Russia, in the context of Indonesia’s full membership in BRICS. It explores differences in financing mechanisms, ownership structures, and dispute resolution arising from diverse legal systems and geopolitical contexts. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach and document analysis, the study highlights the need for contract law harmonization through adopting international instruments such as the CISG and UNIDROIT Principles, while safeguarding national interests. Strengthening harmonized contract frameworks can enhance legal certainty, reduce cross-jurisdictional risks, and foster efficient international trade within the BRICS framework