Expanding the Horizon : Evidences in Maxillary Expansion Treatment

Maxillary Transverse Deficiency (MTD) is a common orthodontic condition characterized by a reduced transverse dimension of the maxillary arch, affecting both dental and skeletal structures. Its prevalence ranges from 13–23% in children and up to 30% in adults. The condition arises from multi-factorial causes, including genetic, developmental, traumatic, and iatrogenic factors, and may be associated with nasal septum deviation. This review explores the etiology, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and bio-mechanical implications of various expansion techniques including Slow Maxillary Expansion (SME), Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME), MiniscrewAssisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE), and Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE). Based on the evidences, treatment modality must be customized considering skeletal maturation and specific dental needs.