Evaluating the first joint JEE and PHEPA assessment in the Netherlands: A mixed-methods pilot study

Abstract Issue/problem In January 2025, the Netherlands piloted the first joint assessment of WHO's Joint External Evaluation (JEE) and ECDC's Public Health Emergency Preparedness Assessment (PHEPA), described under Article 8 of the Regulation (EU) 2022/2371. Both tools assess countries’ capacities to prevent, detect, and respond to public health emergencies. The Regulation calls for stronger cooperation with WHO, especially regarding the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005), to streamline capacity assessments and ease EU/EEA Member States’ (MS) reporting burden. Evaluating this pilot is key to informing possible future joint assessments in other MS. Description of the problem The innovation of the joint JEE-PHEPA lies in combining two international public health emergency preparedness assessments into one streamlined process, potentially reducing the workload for MS that decide to conduct both assessments. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation to explore stakeholders’ experiences with the joint JEE-PHEPA and identify barriers and enablers in process, methodology, and future directions to identify challenges and improvements. Results Preliminary results show most stakeholders found the joint approach efficient and complementary, offering richer insights into prevention and preparedness. Recommendations included more preparation time and clarifying recommendation and reporting processes. Stakeholders generally recommended the joint approach for other MS, conditional on available resources and timing. Lessons The joint JEE-PHEPA strengthens national assessments of preparedness and response capacities through incorporation of the all-hazards approach at both regional and international level. It combines technical expertise from ECDC, WHO, and other MS, reduces duplication of efforts, and contributes to efficient use of resources. Success requires clear guidance, strong stakeholder engagement, and better integration of the two methodologies. Key messages • The joint JEE-PHEPA provides additional insights into public health emergency preparedness while reducing the workload for MS that decide to conduct both assessments. • The joint JEE-PHEPA is considered beneficial for MS which want to conduct a voluntary JEE. However, effective implementation necessitates clear guidance, feasible timelines, and sufficient resources.