Exploring the Impact of ChatGPT on Primary Care: Provider Perceptions

Abstract Background This study examines the impact of AI tools like ChatGPT on primary care, focusing on provider perceptions, workflows, decision-making, and ethics at a North Dallas clinic. It aims to assess whether ChatGPT improves efficiency and patient interactions while maintaining ethical standards, guiding safer AI integration into healthcare. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed via email to 45 primary healthcare providers at a primary care clinic in North Texas between March and May 2025. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the quantitative data. Pearson Chi-square test was conducted to discern the relationship between ChatGPT practices and providers’ perceptions and concerns. Additionally, a thematic analysis was conducted on open-ended responses to identify recurring themes and insights. Results With a 60% response rate (n = 27), the results reveal that providers reported mixed perceptions of ChatGPT use. While 62% acknowledged its potential to enhance efficiency in documentation and patient communication, 48% raised concerns about its accuracy and reliability in clinical decision-making. Ethical issues were a significant concern, with 75% highlighting data privacy and 60% citing accountability. Plus, providers who did not favor recommending ChatGPT had noticeably more concerns than those who would recommend it. Conclusions While ChatGPT shows strong potential in enhancing primary care workflows, its successful integration centers on thoughtful consideration of ethical implications and provider concerns. This study highlights the need for targeted training, the development of strong ethical frameworks, and continuous evaluation to promote responsible AI adoption, particularly among providers who may be less enthusiastic or less familiar with such tools. These findings offer actionable insights for providers, policymakers, and technology developers striving to optimize the role of AI in primary care. Key messages • ChatGPT may optimize primary care efficiency. • Providers remain cautious due to concerns about accuracy, privacy, ethics, and reliability.