On the timeline of trust: engaging in Sámi health research as a non-Indigenous outsider in Finland

Abstract Issue/Problem Research with Indigenous communities in Europe must confront the harms of extractive, outsider-led research. Implementing Sámi ethical research guidelines in Finland requires meaningful, trust-based engagement. This practice reflects on community engagement during dissertation research co-developed with the Sámi Social Affairs and Health Committee. Respect, reciprocity, and relational accountability were centered to build relationships, co-design the study, and develop a Sámi data sharing and management plan. This work informs other efforts to decolonize and Indigenize public health research. Description of the problem The dissertation began in 2025, using a mixed-methods exploratory sequential design. Engagement started in 2023, prioritizing relationship-building over data collection. Strategies included consistent dialogue with Sámi governance, meetings with community members, co-creation of the research topic, instruments, and consent processes, and formal community approval. Sámi representatives serve on the dissertation committee. The project asked: How can non-Indigenous researchers ethically engage Sámi communities? How can Sámi priorities guide health research design, data, and governance? Results Though data collection is ongoing, key insights have emerged: 1. Trust-building takes time. 2. Research agendas must reflect Sámi priorities. 3. Transparency in positionality is essential. 4. Reciprocity must be continuous. 5. Co-governance of data is vital for Sámi self-determination. Lessons Community engagement with Sámi partners is not a phase-it is the research. Researchers must prioritize Indigenous timelines, values, and governance for ethical, culturally grounded collaboration. Co-developing data and research processes with Sámi communities is essential. These lessons support broader public health efforts to decolonize research and offer guidance for ethical work with other minoritized communities. Key messages • Sámi community engagement must follow Indigenous timelines of trust, not academic deadlines. • Co-developing data sharing and research processes with Sámi authorities is essential in ethical collaboration.