Integration of Cooperative and Automated Vehicles into Traffic Management – A Review.

The integration of Cooperative and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) into congestion direction systems has emerged as a transformative approach to improving safety, energy and sustainability in city and highway networks. This review paper synthesizes recent developments in communication technologies, adaptive traffic control, simulation platforms, pilot deployments, and the associated challenges of CAV merger. Findings from the published works and pilot studies point out that Vehicle to Vehicle and Vehicle to Infrastructure communication, artificial Intelligence driven traffic signal optimization, cooperative driving strategies. For instance, platooning and cooperative adaptive Cruise Control can significantly enhance traffic flow, down fall traffic, and lower environmental impacts. Pilot programs, including the United States Department of Transportation initiatives in Tampa and Wyoming, the C-Roads project in Europe, and Waymo’s deployment in Phoenix, give empirical validation while highlighting infrastructure, regulatory, and social adaptation challenges. Despite notable progress, issues remain in cybersecurity, interoperability, mixed traffic dynamics, and worldwide standardization. In the Future research give special importance AI-driven optimization, edge–cloud hybrid computing, Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) integration, and the harmonization of international communication protocols. This review paper concludes that the successful wide-ranging deployment of CAVs requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines technological innovation, supportive policy frameworks, and societal adaptation.