Risk-based breast cancer screening: Acceptability and perceptions among Cypriot women

Abstract Background With the advent of personalised medicine, risk prediction models that incorporate personal and genetic factors now enable individualised breast cancer risk assessment. These innovations have sparked global interest in risk-stratified screening, which may improve early detection in high-risk women, reduce overdiagnosis in low-risk women, and enhance the cost-effectiveness of screening programmes. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and perceptions of personalised, risk-based breast cancer screening among Cypriot women. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2024 and March 2025 across all 5 mammography centers operating in Cyprus. Women attending routine screening appointments were invited to complete a structured five-question questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed using Stata 18. Results A total of 503 Cypriot women aged 45-74 years participated in the study (98.2% participation rate). Only 31% of respondents were aware of personalised, risk-stratified breast cancer screening. However, 90% expressed interest in knowing their personal breast cancer risk, and 78% were willing to participate in a risk-based screening programme. Hesitancy was primarily attributed to anxiety, fear of results, time constraints, and satisfaction with the current screening system. While 62% of women reported feeling anxious about being categorised as “high-risk” for breast cancer, only 51% felt reassured by a potential “low-risk” classification. Conclusions Cypriot women appear broadly supportive of personalised, risk-based breast cancer screening, although overall awareness is limited. Addressing this gap will require a coordinated approach involving public education, effective communication strategies, and collaboration with healthcare professionals to improve understanding and facilitate future implementation. Key messages • Most Cypriot women support personalised, risk-based breast cancer screening. • Public awareness is essential for the successful implementation of risk-stratified breast screening.