Minimally Invasive Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis : A Clinical Guide

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, scarring disease of the oral mucosa with a malignant transformation risk ranging from 7–13%. The condition, strongly linked to areca nut chewing, has a high prevalence in South and Southeast Asia. Its progressive fibrosis leads to restricted mouth opening, impaired function, and precancerous potential. This comprehensive review elaborates on history, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, histopathology, and classification of OSMF, with an extensive focus on management strategies divided into conservative, minimally invasive, and surgical modalities. Evidence from clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses is integrated to provide a detailed, publication ready reference.