Empowering the Workforce: A Systematic Review of Training Strategies for Infectious Disease Control

Abstract Background Recent public health crises have reshaped the global health landscape, highlighting the role of health care workers (HCWs), whose preparedness and adaptability are essential for an effective response. This systematic review synthesizes training approaches to strengthen HCWs’ competencies in infectious disease prevention and control. Methods Three electronic databases were searched to identify training interventions focused on airborne, contact, oral-fecal, or vector-borne infections. Methodological quality was assessed using the NIH tools. Results A total of 58 studies were included: nine RCTs and 49 quasi-experimental studies, primarily targeting respiratory infections, particularly COVID-19 (32 studies) and Ebola Virus Diseases (9 studies), with participants varying according to training objectives. Only 8 studies incorporated theoretical frameworks for evaluating and developing training programs. All studies showed positive results based on quantitative and also, two studies, qualitative methods. Due to heterogeneity in approaches and content, findings were categorized by strategy into simulation, digital, and mixed interventions. Simulation-based training enhanced technical and non-technical skills through scenario-based activities but required significant logistical resources. Digital education increased accessibility and accelerated learning, but highlighted challenges related to technological access and limited social interaction. Mixed approaches combined elements of both methods, offering flexible and comprehensive training models tailored to diverse learning needs. Conclusions This systematic review reinforces the importance of context-specific training in equipping HCWs with the necessary skills to manage public health risks and emergencies. These findings support the development of validated curricula and effective training strategies to enhance preparedness and response capacities through a competent healthcare workforce. Key messages • Focusing on educational strategies aligns with international operational recommendations, supporting structured programs and enhancing response coordination and readiness. • Preparedness training fosters a shared understanding of protocols and roles among HCWs, thereby improving team performance.