Large Vesical Calculus in a 36-Year-Old Man: A Complication of Childhood Schistosomiasis

Background: The case report details of a 36-year-old Nigerian man presenting with a large vesical calculus, likely a complication of untreated childhood schistosomiasis. The patient's history of hematuria during childhood in an endemic region, coupled with clinical presentations later in life, together with laboratory and radiological findings, supports this association. Case Presentation: This case was referred to the Clinical Microbiology Department due to a five-year history of recurrent urinary tract infections. A large (3.85 x 3.0 x 1.5 cm) calculus composed of calcium phosphate and urate, and complicated by a likely uropathogenic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli infection. Successful management involved praziquantel administration, targeted antimicrobial therapy (meropenem), and open cystolithotomy. Conclusion: The case highlights a rare complication of schistosomiasis presenting decades after exposure, making it a differential diagnosis in area where the disease is common and emphasizing the long-term sequelae of neglected tropical diseases and the need for early detection and treatment.