Public Health Awareness & Early Detection of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Med Students

Abstract Background Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) affects 0.47%-5.2% of adolescents globally. Early detection prevents severe deformities, chronic pain, and respiratory issues. Gaps in AIS knowledge among future doctors may delay diagnosis, increase healthcare burdens, and hinder timely intervention. This study assesses AIS awareness among Maltese medical students to inform educational and policy strategies for improved early detection and management. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 2nd to 5th-year University of Malta medical students (Sept-Oct 2024) used an anonymous online questionnaire to assess AIS knowledge, including aetiology, risk factors, screening, and management. Chi-square tests and logistic regression identified key predictors. Results A total of 101 students participated, with 64.36% being female. While 62.38% had heard of AIS, significant knowledge gaps were observed, particularly regarding risk factors, screening, and treatment thresholds. Clinical-year students demonstrated better knowledge (p < 0.001), but gaps in understanding aetiology and conservative management persisted. Prior exposure to AIS was a significant predictor of higher knowledge scores (p = 0.01), while pre-clinical students were more likely to have limited knowledge (OR: 11.59, 95% CI: 2.44-55.06, p = 0.002). Conclusions The study highlights a critical gap in AIS education among future doctors, which may contribute to delayed diagnoses and missed opportunities for early intervention, contributing to a public health issue. This increases the burden on healthcare systems, as late-stage AIS cases often require costly surgical interventions and long-term management. Strengthening AIS education in medical curricula through structured training and case-based learning is essential. Public health policies should extend to medical curricula and professional development to improve AIS detection and management. Key messages • Early AIS detection is crucial; this study reveals medical education gaps that delay diagnosis, raising healthcare burdens and costs. • Enhancing AIS education and early screening improves detection, reduces late-stage cases, and eases healthcare strain.