Engaging migrants in research and action through participatory processes: lessons from Portugal

Abstract Background Engaging migrant communities in identifying health needs and priorities, and using bottom-up approaches to develop health interventions that are acceptable to end users can effectively tackle health inequities. The use of participatory methods in migrant health research and intervention has been paramount. Drawing from health research projects among migrant populations in Portugal, we explore the opportunities and challenges of involving migrants through participatory processes. Methods Participatory assessments of health needs and resources for health promotion involved qualitative interviews and focus groups with >200 migrants. A photovoice study was used to capture the multifaceted experiences of migrants on their health journey and access to care, culminating with a virtual exhibition to share findings with communities. Co-design sessions with diverse stakeholders were developed to explore acceptability, feasibility, and implementation barriers and facilitators of health interventions. Results These participatory processes allowed incorporating communities’ knowledge and local wisdom in the development of health interventions and exploring migrants’ acceptability, which is key to ensure interventions are relevant, acceptable and responsive to migrants’ health needs. These processes promoted a redistribution of power in identifying health needs, setting priorities and designing interventions that meet communities’ values, fostering ownership and empowerment. While participatory methods offer significant opportunities, they also present challenges related to promoting inclusive engagement and active participation, supporting language and literacy needs in culturally diverse groups, and decolonizing research practices. Conclusions Strategies to maximize the potential of participatory methods in health research and intervention and overcome its challenges are essential for the successful engagement of migrants in efforts to address health inequities.