Mental health assessment in EDs after road traffic injuries: a study protocol

Abstract Individuals treated in emergency departments (EDs) after Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) are at increased risk of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with symptoms that can persist beyond physical recovery. However, mental health concerns are often overshadowed by the focus on physical injuries, leading to missed opportunities for early psychological intervention. This study protocol, part of the EU-funded ProtAct-Us project outlines a multicenter initiative in three EU countries aimed at systematically integrating mental health assessment into acute care for RTI patients in EDs. The project will identify predictors of long-term psychological outcomes and assess their impact on recovery, aiming to reduce mental health sequelae and related social costs. Building on recent calls for trauma-informed care, the protocol proposes early, standardized mental health screening at ED admission using validated tools to detect patients at risk. It will evaluate the feasibility, predictive value, and pathways for referral to psychological support. By embedding mental health checks in trauma care, the project seeks to bridge the current gap in holistic patient management and enable timely interventions to mitigate long-term symptoms and support recovery. Eligible participants include individuals treated for RTIs, assessed at baseline (time of the accident) and followed up after 12 months through self-reported questionnaires. Assuming a 95% confidence level and 10% margin of error, a minimum of 127 participants is needed, factoring in a 30% expected dropout rate. A multidisciplinary, patient-centered model will be employed, fostering collaboration between ED clinicians, mental health professionals, and support staff. The initiative also addresses challenges unique to the European context, including inconsistencies in data collection, terminology, and healthcare resource disparities.