Eating Disorders and Gender-based and Sexual Violence in French Male and Female University Students

Abstract Introduction Gender-based and sexual violence is a major public health problem in university settings, and may contribute to eating disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between gender-based and sexual violence and eating disorders among university students. Methods In October 2024, a cross-sectional study was carried out among volunteer students at Rouen University (France). Students completed an anonymous online questionnaire assessing experiences of GBSV and eating disorder symptoms. Eating disorders were assessed using the SCOFF and Expali tools, which allowed classification into four categories: restrictive, bulimia, binge eating disorder, or other types. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationship between sexual and gender-based violence and eating disorders, adjusting for potential confounders. Results The sample included 563 students (433 women, 177 men, and 13 non-binary), aged 18 to 30 years. Since the beginning of their studies, 51.7% (95% CI [47.5-55.9]) reported experiencing at least one form of GBSV. Among them, 63.6% were polyvictims. Overall, 54.5% of students had an eating disorder, including 62.4% of women and 23.9% of men. Bulimia and binge eating were the most common types across all genders. GBSV was significantly associated with eating disorders (adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.40-2.93]), with a stronger association among men (aOR=12.1) than women (aOR=1.76). Polyvictims had a higher risk of eating disorders, particularly bulimia (adjusted OR = 2.48, 95% CI [1.52-4.03]), restrictive (adjusted OR = 2.76, 95% CI [1.08-7.08]), and binge eating behaviors (adjusted OR = 1.54, 95% CI [0.77-3.06]). Conclusions Exposure to gender-based and sexual violence was linked to eating disorder symptoms in both men and women, with a stronger effect in men. These findings highlight the need for early prevention and stronger support systems in universities to protect student mental health. Key messages • Gender-based and sexual violence is a major public health problem that increases the risk of eating disorders among students. • Investing in early prevention and support services in universities is essential to reduce the long-term impact of gender-based and sexual violence on mental health.