Process evaluation of a peer coaching intervention to improve prevention by occupational physicians

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the process of implementation of a peer coaching intervention program for occupational physicians (OPs) to improve the execution of preventive tasks. Specifically, the evaluation seeks to: (1) describe the reach and uptake of the intervention program; (2) determine the extent to which the program was implemented as intended; (3) provide insights into experiences of OPs, and (4) identify factors influencing the implementation. Methods This study employed a mixed-methods design. To address the four research aims, seven process indicators were used: acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, penetration and sustainability. Data were collected between March and June 2024 by means of an online questionnaire (N = 98), and 17 semi-structured interviews with group coordinators and OPs. Results 20 out of 21 groups allocated to the intervention program participated in the intervention and 98 out of 115 participants (85%) filled in the questionnaire. Three-quarters of the participants completed the entire program. 96% of the OPs successfully discussed barriers to the execution of preventive tasks, and 83% were able to formulate strategies for these barriers. Most participants managed to implement their formulated goals in practice. When they were unable to do so, time constraints and resistance from employers and their occupational health services often played a role. Participants valued the program's structure, interaction with colleagues, and the increased awareness it generated. Discussion and conclusions The peer coaching group program was well-implemented and positively evaluated by OPs. The program can be improved by allocating more time to it, for instance by integrating it into the educational curriculum, and by paying more attention to the specific working conditions of OPs, such as the different sectors in which they are employed. Key messages • The peer coaching intervention for occupational physicians (OPs) was well-implemented, increased awareness and provided practical tools to integrate preventive tasks into practice. • Despite positive outcomes, barriers like employer resistance, time constraints, and group engagement issues highlight the need for improvement of the intervention program.