Employment, cancer patients and survivors: mapping policies and identifying best practices in Europe

Abstract This study, commissioned by the European Health and Digital Executive Agency and DG SANTE under the funding of EU4Health programme, addresses the critical issue of job retention and return to work (RTW) for those with a history of cancer in Europe. With over 12 million cancer survivors in Europe, enhancing individuals’ quality of life, including the ability to remain in or return to work, is more important than ever. This study's primary objective is to map policies in EU Member States and EEA EFTA countries that support job retention and RTW for cancer patients and survivors, identifying best practice approaches. A mixed-methods approach combined primary research (interviews, an online survey, and two workshops) with secondary research (a literature review). The evidence collected was analysed and triangulated to identify existing measures, gaps, obstacles, and good practices. The study found a lack of national legislative frameworks for job retention and RTW specifically for people with a history of cancer. Legislation for persons with disabilities or chronic illnesses, which may also apply to those affected by cancer, was more common. The vast majority of (policy) measures identified were from individual service providers, and included workplace accommodations, measures supporting partial work resumption, and cancer-specific reintegration services. Key obstacles to job retention and RTW identified include health-related complications, a lack of support for work reintegration, and financial pressures forcing early RTW. Stigma and discrimination also pose significant challenges. The study recommends strengthening national policies to include more cancer-specific measures, reinforcing monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, and increasing awareness and training for both cancer patients and employers. Enhanced cooperation and communication among stakeholders and improved financial incentives for employers are also important, as is further research into the topic. Key messages • Expanding national policies to include cancer-specific job retention and RTW measures is crucial for improving the quality of life of those with a history of cancer. • Good practices include reintegration support, cooperation between medical and occupational health providers, information and assistance services, and job retention and RTW measures in MS policies.