IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and vitamin B12-deficiency anaemia remain among the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. Both are characterized by impaired erythropoiesis due to absent or insufficient micronutrients essential for haemoglobin synthesis and red blood cell maturation. Management requires a precise formulation of treatment strategies integrating clinical, biochemical, and pharmacological data. Modern approaches include individualized dosing of ionic (ferrous salt-based) and non-ionic (ferric hydroxide-based) iron complexes, along with vitamin B12 restoration via parenteral or high-dose oral therapy. The evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness and safety is guided by international clinical protocols that emphasize personalized treatment duration, laboratory monitoring, and risk minimization.