PAX 9 Gene - Its Role in Dentistry

Background: PAX 9 gene (Paired box 9 gene) is an important member of the homeobox genes. They are important transcription factors which help in conversion of DNA into RNA and are key regulators of developmental processes such as regional specification, patterning and differentiation of a developing individuals. PAX9 proteins are expressed in the pharyngeal pouches, developing vertebral column and neural crest derived mesenchyme of maxillary and mandibular arches, contributing to palate and tooth formation. Aim: This narrative review was onducted to understand the role of PAX9 gene in various orodental diseases and its futurescope. Methods: Research publications were searched on search engines such as Scopus, Pub-Med, and Google Scholar, and articles with terms such as “PAX9 gene, oligodontia/ hypodontia, class ll div 2 or class III malocclusion, tooth impactions, cleft lip and palate” were collected.Results: A total of 35 articles were collected and they were further used to formulate this review.Discussion: PAX9 gene was found to have a role in development of orodental diseases, especially in: (i) Dental agenesis, (ii) Class II div 2 Malocclusions, (iii) Class III malocclusion, (iv) Cleft lip and palate, and (v) Impaction of teeth.