Comparative Evaluation of the Cytological Alteration in Buccal Mucosa and Oxidative Stress in Saliva of Children who are Smart Phone Users Versus Non Users - An Invivo Study

Background: In today's digital age, screens have become an integral part of children's lives, offering entertainment, education, and communication. While the benefits of technology are undeniable, excessive screen time can have adverse effects on various aspects of a child's health, including their oral health.Aim: To evaluate and compare the cytological alteration in buccal mucosa and oxidative stress in saliva of children who are smart phone users versus non users.Materials and Methodology: A questionnaire regarding the usage of smart phone was distributed among the parents of children. Among them, 40 children were selected on the basis of frequency of usage and were split into two equal groups: Group 1: no usage and Group 2: usage of 3-5 hours per day. The oxidative stress was evaluated in both the groups by measuring the level of enzyme catalase in the saliva. For the cytological evaluation buccal swab was obtained by using the conventional ice-cream stick method and the samples were subjected to histological and microscopical analysis to observe cytological alterations. The values were tabulated for statistical analysis.Results: The results obtained showed a clinically significant difference between children who are smart phone users and non-users in terms of decreased catalase level causing oxidative stress and a higher frequency of cellular and chromosomal aberrations.Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that there is a considerable effect of extended screen time on the oral health.