Understanding mental health needs of youth in Germany

Abstract Background Youth in Germany are affected by various mental health challenges among which are relatively high prevalence and incidence rates of mental health conditions compared to other age groups and multi-faceted barriers to or lack of adequate mental health services and interventions. This qualitative study aims to explore the perceptions of youth mental health, the factors influencing perceptions, expectations, and preferences toward youth mental health interventions. It is conducted in the context of the EU-funded EARLY project. Methods We conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs) with youth, parents, and professionals with 15 participants in total. The sampling strategy was purposive sampling and guided by theoretical considerations. All FDGs were anonymized, transcribed, and coded using computer assistance. The data was analysed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach applying latent coding to develop a concept based on the data generated. We organized member checks to evaluate the findings. Results All groups reported that mental health is associated with stigma that adds to the existing challenges of accessing mental health services such as lacking capacities and extensive waiting times. The most important protective factors for youth mental health were social connections such as supportive relationships with friends and family. Regarding risk factors, the youth’ and parents’ group stressed substance and social media use as well as the fast pace and pressure to perform they were experiencing, while the professionals pointed out the adverse effects of challenging family environments. Conclusions The FGDs’ results provide in-depth knowledge of youths’, parents’, and professionals’ perceptions of mental health, influencing factors, and intervention preferences. Future research should address the identified factors to design and implement interventions adapted to the specific needs of youth in Germany to promote their mental health.