Dynamics of physical fitness indicators in engineering students during university education

The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of physical fitness of students in engineering specialties throughout their university education. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted within the framework of a longitudinal pedagogical experiment over five years of training for a single academic group (20 students). Standard pedagogical tests corresponding to the VIII level of the "Ready for Labour and Defence" complex for men aged 18–24 were used to assess the level of physical fitness, in combination with methods of mathematical statistics (one-way analysis of variance for dependent samples). Research results and conclusions. A positive trend in the development of key physical qualities (speed, strength, endurance, speed-strength abilities) has been observed during the first three years of training, as confirmed by the consistent surpassing of control results over established federal standards. In the later years, a tendency to decline in certain indicators has been identified, which is associated with the redistribution of educational workload, changes in motivation, and a decrease in the volume of independent physical activity. At the same time, applied training (swimming) demonstrates a stable positive trend and a consistent level of development, highlighting the effectiveness of its integration into the educational process to enhance both the motivational and health-promoting potential of physical education. The obtained results allow recommending a revision of the physical education program structure for senior university courses, including the introduction of applied-oriented modules, in order to maintain the level of physical fitness and foster a sustainable motivation for regular physical activity.