Gender-based and Sexual Violence and Mental Health among French University Students: A Cohort Study

Abstract Introduction Understanding the mental health consequences of gender-based and sexual violence (GBSV) among university students is a public health priority. This study aimed to assess the impact of recent exposure to gender-based and sexual violence on symptoms of depression and anxiety at a three-month follow-up. Methods A prospective e-cohort study was launched in October 2024 at Rouen University, with active follow-up every three months among 563 students. At three-month follow-up (M3), students completed an anonymous online questionnaire assessing their experiences of GBSV during the past three months and their mental health symptoms (depression [CES-D8]; anxiety [Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale]). We estimated mean differences (MDs) in depression and anxiety symptoms between exposed and unexposed at M3, controlling for baseline scores. Results At M3, 300 students responded to the questionnaire, 78% of whom were women, with a mean age of 21 years. Overall, 36.7% of students (95% CI [31.3; 42.4]) reported experiencing at least one form of GBSV during the past three months. The most common forms were sexist remarks and behaviors (23.7%), comments with sexual connotations (16.3%), and sexual assault (5.7%). Among victims, 28.1% were classified as polyvictims. Recent exposure to GBSV was associated with higher levels of depression (MD = 1.83, 95% CI [0.47; 3.19]) and anxiety (MD = 4.44, 95% CI [1.52; 7.36]). Polyvictims experienced the most severe mental health impacts, with adjusted mean differences of 1.67 points for depression (95% CI [0.30; 2.73]) and 4.64 points for anxiety (95% CI [2.58; 6.70]) compared with single victims. Conclusions Recent experiences of sexual or gender-based violence sharply increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Early detection and strong prevention efforts at universities are essential for sustainable mental well-being. Future research should explore long-term trajectories and resilience mechanisms. Key messages • Gender-based and sexual violence is a key public health issue affecting students’ mental health and eating behaviors. Early intervention is essential. • Addressing gender-based and sexual violence at universities is a key priority for the long-term mental health and well-being of young adults.