Access to healthcare among displaced Ukrainians in Europe: results from an exploratory online survey

Abstract Background The war in Ukraine has caused a displacement crisis in Europe, with >6 million Ukrainians fleeing abroad. Host countries provide varying levels of support, including temporary protection and access to healthcare. Understanding displaced Ukrainians’ experience of accessing care in host countries and to what extent they rely on services in Ukraine is crucial to inform public health strategies to improve equity in access to care. Methods In early 2025, the Public Health Professionals Association of Ukraine disseminated a cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey via social media channels and diaspora networks targeting displaced Ukrainians. The survey examined healthcare needs, presence of a primary care provider (PCP), barriers to access, and use of health services in host countries and Ukraine. Data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Results Results from 194 respondents (85% women) residing in Europe largely under temporary protection schemes show that 38% had difficulty finding PCPs in their host country. Barriers to care included long waits (83%), inability to see specialists (36%), and language (26%). Many respondents (57%) sought medical care in Ukraine (mainly in person, but also online). Respondents spent significant time and expense to receive in-person care in Ukraine. Conclusions Despite host country efforts, displaced Ukrainians face multiple barriers to healthcare access. Continued reliance on services in Ukraine, despite the cost and time, indicates greater trust and cultural familiarity with providers in Ukraine, and highlights gaps in trust and integration with local systems. Such insights can inform European policymakers developing interventions to improve access to culturally and linguistically appropriate health information, and support navigation of local health systems. Key messages • Displaced Ukrainians face multiple barriers to healthcare access in Europe. • Policymakers should target interventions to address these barriers.